Excavations


... nothing is more essential to public interest than the preservation of public liberty.

- David Hume



Monday, February 10, 2020

Mitt Romney and “A Defence of Liberty against Tyrants”


Mitt Romney’s speech in the Senate on February 5, when, against the constitutional invertebracy of his fellow Republicans, he voted to impeach President Trump, draws inspiration from the classic Huguenot text in revolutionary literature, known as Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos, A Defence of Liberty against Tyrants,[1] published in 1579 during the era of the French religious wars. More particularly it appeared after the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572, along with other less-celebrated resistance documents.  Vindiciae was re-issued in mid-17th century England at the height of its Civil Wars, and it later helped shape Locke’s thinking in Two Treatises of Government (1690).[2]

It is not my purpose here to discuss the text of Vindiciae at any length, portions of which can be found in a previous blog entry of mine dated January 2012 (see the link below).  Rather, I wish to point out that Romney, who (as he says) is “profoundly religious”, and who believes the American Constitution to be “inspired by Providence” shares a central assumption with this historic text, as George H. Sabine puts it in his A History of Political Theory (1971): “Every Christian must agree that his duty is to obey God rather than the king, in case the king commands anything against God’s law.”[3]  In his work Constitutionalism and Resistance in the Sixteenth Century (1969), Julian Franklin makes much the same point but in a somewhat more explicit fashion echoing Romney, his love for family and country, and his deep conscience: “The Vindiciae, finally, begins very cautiously but clearly to anticipate resistance by private individuals who have been specially inspired by the call of God.”[4]

Click here for further text and discussion of Vindiciae:

Click here for Mitt Romney’s speech:



[1] For the sake of brevity and clarity I shall refer to the text here as Vindiciae.
[2] Although the first edition of Locke’s Two Treatises of Government appeared in 1690, it was written before the events of 1688 and the Glorious Revolution of 1689.  See Peter Laslett, “‘Two Treatises of Government’ and the Revolution of 1688” in Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 45-66, esp. p. 65.
[3] George H. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, 3rd ed., revised. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), p. 380.
[4] Julian H. Franklin in Constitutionalism and Resistance in the Sixteenth Century: Three Treatises by Hotman, Beza, & Mornay, ed. and tr. Julian Franklin (New York: Pegasus, 1969), p. 43.

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